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Systems Analysis
It is a process of collecting and interpreting facts, identifying the problems, and decomposition of a system into its components.
System analysis is conducted for the purpose of studying a system or its parts in order to identify its objectives. It is a problem solving technique that improves the system and ensures that all the components of the system work efficiently to accomplish their purpose.
Analysis specifies what the system should do.
Systems Design
It is a process of planning a new business system or replacing an existing system by defining its components or modules to satisfy the specific requirements. Before planning, you need to understand the old system thoroughly and determine how computers can best be used in order to operate efficiently.
System Design focuses on how to accomplish the objective of the system.
System Analysis and Design (SAD) mainly focuses on −
What is a System?
The word System is derived from Greek word Systema, which means an organized relationship between any set of components to achieve some common cause or objective.
A system is “an orderly grouping of interdependent components linked together according to a plan to achieve a specific goal.”
Constraints of a System
A system must have three basic constraints −
For example, traffic management system, payroll system, automatic library system, human resources information system.
Properties of a System
A system has the following properties −
Organization
Organization implies structure and order. It is the arrangement of components that helps to achieve predetermined objectives.
Interaction
It is defined by the manner in which the components operate with each other.
For example, in an organization, purchasing department must interact with production department and payroll with personnel department.
Interdependence
Interdependence means how the components of a system depend on one another. For proper functioning, the components are coordinated and linked together according to a specified plan. The output of one subsystem is the required by other subsystem as input.
Integration
Integration is concerned with how a system components are connected together. It means that the parts of the system work together within the system even if each part performs a unique function.
Central Objective
The objective of system must be central. It may be real or stated. It is not uncommon for an organization to state an objective and operate to achieve another.
The users must know the main objective of a computer application early in the analysis for a successful design and conversion.
Elements of a System
The following diagram shows the elements of a system −
Outputs and Inputs
Processor(s)
Control
Feedback
Environment
Boundaries and Interface
Types of Systems
The systems can be divided into the following types −
Physical or Abstract Systems
Open or Closed Systems
Adaptive and Non Adaptive System
Permanent or Temporary System
Natural and Manufactured System
Deterministic or Probabilistic System
Social, Human-Machine, Machine System
Man–Made Information Systems
Systems Models
Schematic Models
Flow System Models
Static System Models
Dynamic System Models
Categories of Information
There are three categories of information related to managerial levels and the decision managers make.
Strategic Information
Managerial Information
Operational information
THIS VIDEO EXPLAINS MORE ABOUT SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
“What are the benefits of system analysis?”
Costs, Efficiency & Flexibility
When a system analysis is properly performed, it makes certain that the correct path is taken with regards to applications and it helps to minimize errors which reduce future IT requirements for fixing problems. If the above process is performed properly, it will not only save the company money up front but ensures that the right application path is being taken the 1st time, growth and business charge considerations have been accounted to accommodate future plans, and errors are kept to a minimum thereby mitigating future IT overhaul requirements.
Better Management; Better controls
System analysis allows for better management through changing the software to suit any business changes, this means that the final product will be totally controllable. If changes or enhancements are required, the requirement of rewriting the whole software will be removed, which is normally costly.
Risks
Through the process potential threats are identified. A risk assessment is carried out to evaluate all the negative impacts on the processes. After deeply considering this, a comparison of the risk is made against the related benefits and a decision is taken accordingly.
Quality
The quality of the systems is ensured through the checking of the system constantly through system analysis.
Although System analysis offers an extensive range of benefits it might also have some disadvantages. One of the main disadvantages which is mostly overlooked is the risk of too much analysing which may be costly and time consuming. It is therefore part of the analyst’s job to find the right balance.
Here at FTIAS we constantly focus on providing deep system analysis in order to custom build the system according to the company’s requirements. This also includes certain off-the-shelf software such as SAP. This will allow us to continuously enhance and develop the systems to provide further efficiency into our processes.
We also use external diagramming and graphics applications such as Microsoft Visio in order to produce detailed flowcharts to highlight all the movement and actions involved in a particular system,
System analysis is the first step of a 7 step approach called System Development Life Cycle as highlighted in the diagram above used to achieve a successful system implementation.
ASSIGNMENT : CS4: SYSTEMS ANALYSIS ASSIGNMENT MARKS : 10 DURATION : 1 week, 3 days